Phosphorus (P) recovery by crystallization of vivianite in digester supernatant (DS) was investigated. A high recovery yield (> 90 %) was obtained with vivianite even for DS with low P concentration (74 mg L−1), as opposed to the formation of struvite and hydroxyapatite where the yield was lower than 50–60 %. Various strategies were tested to produce vivianite with large sizes and narrow size distribution, such as a controlled reagent dosing profile, self-seeded crystallization, and multistage cascade-seeded crystallization. The obtained results demonstrated that the main challenge in the development of vivianite P recovery is to promote crystal growth and to suppress secondary nucleation of vivianite during the crystallization process.
CITATION STYLE
Amjad, S., Christensen, M. L., Reitzel, K., & Qu, H. (2023). Vivianite for Phosphorus Recovery from Digester Supernatant in Wastewater Treatment Plants. Chemical Engineering and Technology, 46(11), 2321–2329. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202300071
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