Trimodal adult emergence in summer generations of the rose sawfly Arge nigrinodosa (Hymenoptera, Argidae)

Abstract

We explored the variable adult emergence in summer generations of a multivoltine sawfly [Arge nigrinodosa (Argidae)], larvae of which feed gregariously on the foliage of Rosa spp. (Rosaceae), and its ecological significance. The sawfly showed a trimodal adult emergence under long-day conditions in the laboratory. Following the first and largest cluster of emergence, a small tail of slightly delayed emergence was observed, which most likely was heritable. The third cluster of emergence after nonheritable partial diapause in prepupae seemed to match the synchronous emergence of a portion of adults in September under field conditions, probably as a risk-spreading (i.e., bet-hedging) strategy to cope with food shortage during unpredictable periods of drought in summer. Copyright © Maya Kawasaki et al.