EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HYDROXYAPATITE FROM SEABASS AND SEABREAM SCALE

Abstract

The present study investigates the characterization of hydroxyapatite (HAp) extracted from seabass and sea-bream scales as by-product. Fish scales obtained from a seafood processing company were used to extract natural HAp powder. HAp powder was extracted by alkaline heat treatment of fish scales and the synthesized HAp (FS-HAp) was extensively characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Calcium to phosphate ratio of the HAp was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and elemental analysis of HAp were also carried out using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results of the characterization analysis were compared with commercial hydroxyapatite standard (CHAp) and it was clearly confirmed that the extracted FS-HAp exactly showed CHAp characteristics physicochemically which is used as biomaterial. However, well diffusion assay revealed out that synthesized hydroxyapatite showed no activity against C. albicans, S. aureus and E. coli. It was concluded that, instead of synthetic apa-tite, extracted FS-HAp presents a potential promising biomaterial as the raw materials are by-product which economically cheap and sustainable substances.