Kidney: Management and Treatment with Medicinal Plants According to Ethno-botanical and Ethno-veterinary Evidence

Abstract

KIDNEY failure (CKD) is a debilitating disease that results in severe renal failure. The kidneys are destroyed very slowly and fail. Weakness, lethargy, chronic fatigue, paleness, swelling of the hands and feet, or puffiness around the eyes and high blood pressure are some of the symptoms of kidney failure. The aim of this study was to herbs used in Iranian ethnopharmacological knowledge in order to identify medicinal plants affecting renal failure. In this review study, keywords such as renal failure, renal impairment, hypertension, diabetes, herbs, ethnobotany, ethno-veterinary, ethnopharmacology, and Iran were used. Databases such as ISI, WOS, Scopus, IslamicWorld Science Citation Center, Scientific Index database and Google Scholar were used to review articles and resources. Finally, 23 articles containing ethno-pharmacological information for the treatment of renal failure were used to review the literature. Medicinal plants such as L. album L., O. vulgare, A. sativum L., B. vulgaris L., E. elaterium, C. monogyna, P. spina-christi Miller., R. ribes L., O. europea, S. marianum L., T. polium L., N. sativa L., Z. jujuba (L) H.Karst, C. bruguieriana Hand. Mzt., J. regia L., B. Napus L. and some other herbs. are the most important medicinal plants used to treat kidney failure and disorders. Traditional Iranian medicine has long used natural resources to prevent and treat kidney problems. There are various methods available to use herbs to treat diseases. Findings this study can be a comprehensive guide to the ideas and medicinal plants of different regions of Iran that are effective in treating kidney disorders.