Network coverage using MI waves for underwater wireless sensor network in shadowing environment

Abstract

In high permittivity media, such as underground, underwater, and biological tissues the electromagnetic (EM) wave fails to provide reliable communication due to high path loss. On the other hand, magnetic induction (MI) waves have the permeability similar to air in high permittivity medium. Unlike EM wave, in MI-based communication the effect of shadow fading on the obtainable transmission distance is not much pronounced. However, it may not be realistic to ignore the fading effect at higher frequencies considering a constant path loss while designing the link model. A channel model for underwater MI communication is proposed in this research work. The proposed channel considers the fading effect due to presence of large obstacles such as large underwater structures or seamounts, and old sunken ship on the coverage performance of an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN).