Responsabilidad penal del menor infractor en América Latina y España. Una revisión sistemática entre los años 2018 a 2022

Abstract

The current state of society is that of a threat of widespread criminal expansion in minors with more extreme practices such as those of hitmen,to the detriment of common and personal integrity. In addition, there is a climate of turbulence and economic uncertainty typical ofthe difficult context that modern and globalized societies are going through, with a tendency to increase due to the global economic and socialcrisis. These crises are, in turn, consequences of the impact of armed conflicts between powerful countries at the very beginning of the transition in the use of energy inputs, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, of the negative impact of climate change in an environment pandemic and post-pandemic. from covid-19. This reality makes it worrying to decide to take preventive actions with beneficial and direct effects for society and the common good. The social upheaval and the high cost of living bring with them not only unemployment but also the consumption of illicit substances as an escape route for minors and adolescents in moral abandonment, all of which can encourage them to commit crimes on their own account or by participating in criminal gangs. This is how this review work aims to collect all the contributions from various realities in the Latin American region regarding the treatment of juvenile offenders based on the magnitude of the damage and order of the crime committed.