Observational Prospects for Afterglows of Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts

Abstract

If the efficiency for producing $\gamma$-rays is the same in short duration ($\siml 2$ s) Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) as in long duration GRBs, then the average kinetic energy of short GRBs must be $\sim 20$ times less than that of long GRBs. Assuming further that the relativistic shocks in short and long duration GRBs have similar parameters, we show that the afterglows of short GRBs will be on average 10--40 times dimmer than those of long GRBs. We find that the afterglow of a typical short GRB will be below the detection limit ($\siml 10 \microJy$) of searches at radio frequencies. The afterglow would be difficult to observe also in the optical, where we predict $R \simg 23$ a few hours after the burst. The radio and optical afterglow would be even fainter if short GRBs occur in a low-density medium, as expected in NS-NS and NS-BH merger models. The best prospects for detecting short-GRB afterglows are with early ($\siml 1$ day) observations in X-rays.