3D printed dosimeter incorporating leuco-crystal violet and PMMA

Abstract

This paper describes the development of 3D-printed dosimeters made from radiochromic materials. Incorporating polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a transparent polymer matrix and leuco-crystal violet as a radiochromic dye, these dosimeters exhibit a color change when exposed to radiation. This change provides a way to visualize and measure three-dimensional dose distributions, which is important for the accurate verification of radiation doses in radiotherapy. The use of 3D printing technology allows these dosimeters to approximate human organ geometries, which may contribute to safer and more effective radiotherapeutic applications. The dosimeters can be customized into various shapes and sizes, are lightweight, and cost-effective, making them appropriate for use in both clinical and research settings in radiotherapy. The fabrication process is detailed, and the dosimeters have been tested at doses up to 100 Gy in X-ray irradiation and analyzed for dose distribution. Bragg-peak measurements from carbon beam irradiation illustrate the dosimeters' capability to detect peak radiation doses with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm. These findings indicate the potential of these 3D printed dosimeters to improve the accuracy of radiation delivery, which could positively impact patient outcomes in radiotherapy.