Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA)

Abstract

The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has affected in an important way the drug users by parenteral route (IDUs) from our surroundings, mainly in the initial years of the pandemy, from 1981. Up to the 60-80% of the IDUs were infected by human immunodeficiency virus, and the 67% of the cases of AIDS happened in this collective. Amongst the diseases that make the diagnosis of AIDS stands out in this group the tuberculosis disease, which affects the lung in 70-90% of the cases and which presents in a disseminated form in 40-80% of the people. Pneumonia by Pn. Carinii appears in a bit more of the 20% of the cases of AIDS, and other diseases, like oesophagi candidiasis, appears following the previous one in 13% of the cases. The treatment of patients infected with VIH begins when the number of CD4 lymphocytes is between 250-350 cells. There are several therapeutic guide lines, beginning or late ones (of rescue). The combination of nucleoside analogues with non-analogues or proteasa inhibitors is included in almost all the guide lines. Preventive measures have lowered in quite an important way the incidence of AIDS in IDUs, amongst this measures there stand out the administration of methadone and the programmes of syringe exchange. In relation with therapy it is important to have in mind the interactions that it presents with many drugs: tuberculostatics, methadone, buprenorphine and others, because the combination with them can make ineffective the antirretroviral treatment (HAART) or originate important secondary effects.