Rectal Cancer: Management Trends and Changes. Concepts for Gastroenterologists and Surgeons

Abstract

Rectal cancer is the third most frequent cancer in Colombia and constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for gastroenterologists, surgeons, and oncologists. Diagnostic evaluation and the study of its loco-regional and systemic extension have been modified by new imaging methods, enabling an accurate view of anatomical structures that could not be easily examined before. The availability of these new tools in disease staging has significantly impacted therapeutic decisions and the choice of a specific treatment path for each patient, rationalizing the use of neoadjuvant therapies and the performance of surgery with correct anatomical criteria. The preceding has been essential to achieving the best outcomes with the least associated postoperative morbidity. This article will review and explain in detail the most recent changes and up-to-date recommendations for managing rectal cancer.