Modification of smectite structure by sulfuric acid and characteristics of the modified smectite

Abstract

Bentonite samples from Petrovac and Aleksinac were treated with sulfuric acid of different molarities. Differences in structure and texture of the initial and modified bentonite were determined by chemical analysis and Xraypowder diffraction (XRPD), infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physisorption nitrogen at ?196?C. Sulfuric acid caused an exchange of Al3+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ with H+ ions which led to a modification of the smectite crystalline structure. The Mg and Fe substitution in the octahedral sheet promoted the dispersion of those layers and forming of amorphous silicon. The sequence according to which the cations left the octahedral sheets was as follows: Mg2+>Fe3+>Al3+. The sulfuric acid activated bentonites exhibiting a lower cation exchange capacity (CEC) and ? change of specific surface area (SBET) from 6 to 387 for bentonite from Petrovac and from 44 to 1784 m2 g-1 for bentonite from Aleksinac, positioning them as an excellent absorber in wine technology and in the protection of soil and environment.Uzorci bentonita iz Petrovca i Aleksinca tretirani su razlicitim molaritetima sumporne kiseline. Promene u strukturi i teksturi polaznih i modifikovanih bentonita utvrdjene su hemijskom i analizom rendgenske difrakcije praha X-zraka (XRPD), infra crvenom spektroskopijom (FTIR), skening elektronskom mikroskopijom (SEM) i fizisorpcijom azota na -196?C. Dejstvo H2SO4 kiseline izazvalo je zamenu Al3+, Fe3+ i Mg2+ sa H+ jonima sto je dovelo do modifikacije kristalne strukture smektita. Supstitucija Mg i Fe u oktaedarskom listu smektita promovisala je raspustanje tih slojeva i formiranje silikatne faze. Redosled kojim su ovi katjoni napustali oktaedarske listove bio je sledeci: Mg2+>Fe3+>Al3+. Sumpornom kiselinom aktivirani bentoniti pokazali su nizi kapacitet katjonske izmene (CEC) i promenu specificne povrsine (SBET), od 6 na 387 kod bentonita Petrovca i od 44 na 1784 m2 g-1 kod bentonita Aleksinca, sto ih svrstava u odlicne absorbente u tehnologiji vina, zastiti zemljista i zivotne sredine. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 133-20098-preservation