Visit-to-Visit Heart Rate Variability Is Positively Associated With the Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes

Abstract

Introduction: Previous studies found visit-to-visit heart rate variability (VVHRV) may be positively associated with risks of several cardiovascular events, but whether VVHRV affected the benefit of intensive blood pressure control remained unknown. In this study, we assessed the risk of the composite cardiovascular outcomes associated with VVHRV among the older patients with hypertension and evaluated whether the benefit of intensive blood pressure control in the prevention of the composite cardiovascular outcomes was consistent in the context of elevated VVHRV. Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). We explored the relationship between VVHRV and the composite cardiovascular outcomes by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions. The primary endpoint was the composite cardiovascular outcomes, same as SPRINT, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and/or death from cardiovascular causes. We used multiple adjustment models for all regressions. Results: Nine thousand two hundred and fourty-seven patients from the SPRINT were included in our analysis. We found a positive association between VVHRV and the risk of composite cardiovascular outcomes among the elderly with hypertension. Per 1 CV increment in HRCV, the hazard ratio of the risk of composite cardiovascular outcomes was 1.04 (95CI: 1.03, 1.05) in the fully adjusted Model. The benefit of intensive blood pressure control in managing cardiovascular events was consistent in different VVHRV subgroups. There was no significant interaction in other confounders. Conclusion: We found the VVHRV was associated with the composite cardiovascular outcomes among the elderly with hypertension, intensive blood pressure control did not change the above association, and the benefits of intensive blood pressure management were consistent across different VVHRV groups.