Detection of adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas by magnetic resonance imaging in children and adolescents with Cushing disease

Abstract

Context: We recently showed that pre- and postcontrast spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady-state (SPGR) was superior to conventional pre- and postcontrast T-1 weighted spin echo (SE) acquisition magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnostic evaluation of pituitary tumors in adult patients. Objective: The present investigation assessed the use of SPGR vs. SE-MRI in the diagnostic evaluation of ACTH-secreting tumors in children and adolescents with Cushing disease. Design: Data were analyzed retrospectively from a series of patients seen over 7 yr (1997-2004). Setting: The setting for this study was a tertiary care referral center. Patients: Thirty children with Cushing disease (13 females and 17 males with a mean age of 12 ± 3 yr) were studied. Interventions and Outcome Measures: Imaging results were compared with surgical and pathological findings and the clinical outcome. Results: Twenty-eight patients had microadenomas, and two had macroadenomas; the latter were identified by both MRI techniques. Precontrast SE and SPGR-MRI identified four and six of the microadenomas, respectively. Postcontrast SPGR-MRI identified the location of the tumor in 18 of 28 patients, whereas postcontrast SE-MRI identified the location and accurately estimated the size of the tumor in only five patients (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We conclude that conventional MRI, even with contrast enhancement, mostly failed to identify ACTH-secreting microadenomas in children and adolescents with Cushing disease. Postcontrast SPGR-MRI was superior to SE-MRI and should be used in addition to conventional SE-MRI in the pituitary evaluation of children and adolescents with suspected Cushing disease. Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society.