The Role of Endometrial Microbiota in Fertility and Reproductive Health: A Narrative Review

Abstract

This review explores the correlation between endometrial microbes and infertility, focusing on the impact of endometrial microbiota on fertility outcomes. The healthy status of uterine microorganisms, predominantly Lactobacillus, plays a crucial role in reproductive health. Studies have shown that the endometrial microbiota composition changes with hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, affecting endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. The presence of specific bacteria, such as Lactobacillus species, has been associated with successful pregnancy outcomes, while dysbiosis in the endometrial microbiota has been linked to implantation failure and infertility. Factors like age, hormonal changes, and immune responses influence the composition of endometrial microbes, impacting fertility. Chronic endometritis, characterized by inflammation of the endometrium, has been linked to recurrent implantation failure and infertility. Understanding the complex interactions between endometrial microbiota, immune responses, and hormonal influences is crucial for improving fertility treatments and outcomes.