Preventing Prediabetes Through Adolescent Health Education: Pathways to Achieving Good Health and Well-Being (SDG 3)

Abstract

Introduction: The high prevalence of obesity among adolescents heightens their risk of developing prediabetes, a condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that often presents without overt symptoms. If left unmanaged, prediabetes can progress to type 2 DM and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.   Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness Prediabetes Prevention Health Education on Dietary Patterns and Sedentary Lifestyle on adolescent.   Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this study is the pathophysiology of prediabetes, linking insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction to risk factors like sedentary lifestyle and metabolic abnormalities. Prediabetes has no symptoms, thus will decrease the awareness of youth who have the risk such as obesity, family history and perform a sedentary lifestyle.   Method: The design of the study used quasi experiment with pre-post-test without control group. There were 58 high school students chosen using simple random sampling. The students were given health education 3 times in 4 weeks intervention. The instruments utilized were FINDRISC Screening Tools, Self-awareness Eating Pattern and Sedentary Lifestyle Questionnaire. Data analysis using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test.   Results and Discussion: Most of the respondents were female (60.3%), normal BMI (44.8%), waist circumference moderate risk (44.8%), physical activity daily (63.8%), fruit and vegetable intake not daily (65.5%), no DM history in family (60.3%); very low risk of Prediabetes (56.9%). There is a significant difference in self-awareness eating pattern before and after intervention (p value 0.04); however, there is no significant difference in sedentary lifestyle before and after treatment (p value 0.636)   Research Implications: Health education is effective to encourage eating pattern on teenagers. Health education is an integral component of Sustainable Development Goal 3, as it has the capacity to reduce sedentary behavior and promote healthy dietary habits, leading to a reduction in the prevalence of prediabetes.   Originality/Value: The findings offer practical recoomendations for nurses or health educator at community heath services to provide health education to improve sedentary lifestyle and reduce prediabetes at teenagers.