A prospective study of whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US women

Abstract

Objectives. This study examined the association between intake of whole vs refined grain and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods. We used a food frequency questionnaire for repeated dietary assessments to prospectively evaluate the relation between whole-grain intake and the risk of diabetes mellitus in a cohort of 75521 women aged 38 to 63 years without a previous diagnosis of diabetes or cardiovascular disease in 1984. Results. During the 10-year follow-up, we confirmed 1879 incident cases of diabetes mellitus. When the highest and the lowest quintiles of intake were compared, the age and energy-adjusted relative risks were 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.53, 0.71, P trend