Raman Spectroscopy of Graphite and Carbon Materials and Its Recent Application

Abstract

Recent study of the Raman spectroscopy for graphite and carbon materials were reviewed, including the explanation for the structural-sensitive spectrum, the results of the measurements with very high signal-to-noise ratio, the excitation wavelength dependence, the method for the characterization of texture and microstructure and the Raman microprobe application. Some issues were also pointed out to utilize the structural-sensitive Raman spectroscopy to characterization of a variety of carbon materials. 1.•@ ‚Í ‚ ¶‚ß ‚É ‚³ ‚Ü‚´‚Ü‚È‚Ü‚´‚Ü‚È'Y'f •Þ-¿ ‚Ì •]‰¿ Žè-@ ‚AE ‚µ‚Ä,ƒOE •[ƒU •[ ƒ‰ ƒ}ƒ"•ª OEõ-@ ‚ªˆê‚ªˆê"Ê"I ‚É-p ‚¢ ‚ç‚ê‚é ‚ae‚¤‚É‚È‚Á‚Ä‚«‚½ •B-{Ž•‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä ‚Í20"N‚Ù‚Ç 'O‚É' †•a ‚É‚ae‚Á‚Ä•u•À •u ƒ‰ ƒ}ƒ"•ª OEõ •v1)‚ª ‰ð •à ‚³‚ê ‚Ä‚¢‚é•B‚»‚Ì "à-e ‚Í OE» •Ý‚Å‚à•\ •ª ‚É'Ê-p ‚· ‚éˆÓ‹`‚éˆÓ‹`•[ ‚¢ ‚à ‚Ì ‚Å‚ ‚邪,‚» ‚Ì OEã20"N ‚Ì ŠÔ ‚É‚³ ‚Ü‚´‚Ü‚È‚Ü‚´‚Ü‚È'Y'f •Þ-¿ ‚Ì ƒ‰ ƒ} ƒ"ƒX ƒyƒNƒg ƒ‹‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚Ì 'ª 'è OE‹ ‰Ê ‚ª •ñ•• ‚³ ‚ê,Šî 'b"IOE¤ ‹ †, •]‰¿ ‰ž-p ‚Ì ‚¢‚¸‚ê‚¢‚¸‚ê ‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à'å ‚«‚È•i "W ‚ª "F‚ß‚ç‚ê ‚Ä‚¢‚é•B ˆê•û ,ƒ‰ƒ}ƒ"ƒX ƒyƒNƒg ƒ‹‚Ì 'ª 'è'• 'u‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚àCCDOEŸ •oŠí, ƒzƒ•ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒBƒbƒN ƒmƒb ƒ` ƒt ƒB ƒ‹ ƒ^•[ ‚AE ƒVƒ"ƒO ƒ‹ƒ‚ƒm ƒN ƒ•ƒ• •[ ƒ^‚Ì 'g‚Ý• ‡‚í ‚¹ ‚É‚ae‚Á‚Ä'˜ ‚µ‚¢•‚ Š´"x‰» ‚ª 'B•¬‚³ ‚ê ,Ž¿ ‚Ì-Ç ‚¢ƒX ƒyƒNƒg ƒ‹‚ð'ZŽžŠÔ ‚Å"¾‚邱 ‚AE ‚ª ‚Å‚«‚é ‚ae‚¤‚É‚È‚Á‚½•B-{•e‚Å‚Í,'Y 'f •Þ-¿ ‚Ì ƒ‰ ƒ}ƒ"ƒX ƒyƒNƒg ƒ‹‚ÉŠÖ ‚· ‚é•Å‹ß‚Ì •ó‹µ ‚¨‚ae‚Ñ‚¨‚ae‚Ñ-¢‰ð OEˆ‚ÌOEˆ‚Ì-â'è ‚È‚Ç‚É‚Â‚¢‚Ä•M ŽÒ ‚ç‚Ì OE¤ ‹ †OE‹ ‰Ê ‚ð' †•S ‚É•Ð‰î ‚µ,ƒ‰ƒ}ƒ"ƒX ƒyƒNƒg ƒ‹‚©‚ç‚Ç‚Ì ‚ae‚¤‚È•\ '¢•î •ñ‚ðˆø ‚« •o‚· ‚±‚AE ‚ª ‚Å‚«‚é‚©‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä ‰ð •à ‚µ‚½ ‚¢•B 2.•@ ƒOƒ‰ ƒt ƒ@ ƒCƒg ‚Ì ƒ‰ ƒ}ƒ"ƒX ƒyƒNƒg ƒ‹ Š® 'S‚È•\ '¢ ‚ð-L ‚· ‚éƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒ@ ƒCƒg ‚Ì OE‹ •»•\ '¢(D46h)‚© ‚çŠú'Ò‚³‚ê ‚é•U"® ƒ‚•[ ƒh ‚Í, r=A2u(IR)+2B2g+Elu(IR)+2E2g(R) ‚Å‚ ‚è2),2-{ ‚Ì ƒ‰ ƒ}ƒ"Šˆ•«(2E2g)‚¨‚ae‚Ñ2‚¨‚ae‚Ñ2-{‚ÌIRŠˆ•{‚ÌIRŠˆ•« (A2u, Elu)‚È •U"® ƒ‚•[ ƒh ‚ª ' ¶•Ý‚· ‚é•B‚±‚ê ‚ç‚Ì •U"® ƒ‚•[ ƒh ‚Í,Fig.1‚É Ž¦‚·HOPG‚Ì ƒ‰ ƒ}ƒ"ƒX ƒyƒNƒg ƒ‹(2E2g:1581 ‚¨‚ae‚Ñ42cm‚¨‚ae‚Ñ42cm-1)3)‚¨‚ae‚Ñ‚¨‚ae‚Ñ•ÔŠO"½ ŽËƒX ƒyƒNƒgƒ‹(A2u: 1588cm-1, Elu:868cm-1)4)‚É ‚¨‚¢‚ÄŽÀ‚¨‚¢‚ÄŽÀ •Û‚ÉOE© •o‚³ ‚ê ‚Ä‚¢ ‚é•B‚±‚ê ‚ç‚Ì ‚¤‚¿,A2u‚Ì ‚Ý‚Í ƒO ƒ‰ ƒtƒ@ ƒCƒg 'w-Ê‚É•‚ '¼‚È•û OEü ‚É•¬•ª ‚ð-L ‚· ‚é-ÊŠO ƒ‚•[ ƒh ‚Å‚ ‚邪,'¼ ‚Ì3‚ ‚Í ‚¢‚¸‚ê‚¢‚¸‚ê ‚à-Ê"àƒ‚•[ ƒh ‚Å‚ ‚é•B OE‹ •»ƒTƒC ƒY(La)‚̈قȂé‚ÌˆÙ‚È‚é ƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒ@ ƒCƒg ‚Ì1ŽŸ‚¨‚ae‚Ñ2ŽŸ‚Ì1ŽŸ‚¨‚ae‚Ñ2ŽŸ ‚Ì-Ì ˆae‚É‚¨‚¯ˆae‚É‚¨‚¯ ‚郉 ƒ}ƒ"ƒX ƒyƒNƒg ƒ‹‚ðFig.2‚ÉŽ¦‚· •BƒO ƒ‰ ƒt ƒ@ ƒCƒg •\ '¢‚É-• ‚ꂪ • ¶ ‚ ¶‚é ‚AE,1580cm-1‚̃‰ ƒ}ƒ"ƒoƒ"ƒh ‚Ì '¼ ‚É1360‚¨‚ae‚Ñ1620cm‚É1360‚¨‚ae‚Ñ1620cm-1‚É ƒ‰ ƒ}ƒ"ƒoƒ"ƒh ‚ª "F‚ß ‚ç‚ê ‚é ‚ae‚¤ ‚É‚È‚è,•\ '¢ ‚Ì-• ‚ꂪ 'å ‚«‚-‚È‚é ‚AE ‚AE ‚à‚É‚±‚ê ‚ç‚Ì ƒoƒ"ƒh ‚Ì1580cm-1‚̃‰ ƒ}ƒ"ƒoƒ"ƒh ‚É'Î ‚· ‚é'Š'Î ‹-"x‚ª '• ‚µ,'S 'Ì ‚Ƀuƒ••[ ƒh ‚ȃoƒ"ƒh OE`OE`•ó ‚AE ‚È‚Á‚Ä‚ä ‚-‚±‚AE ‚Í-Ç ‚-'m‚ç‚ê ‚Ä ‚¢‚é•B1360‚¨‚ae‚Ñ1620cm-1‚Ì ƒoƒ"ƒh ‚Í •\ '¢‚Ì-• ‚ê(Disor-der)‚É ‹Nˆö‚· ‚é ‚à‚Ì ‚AE ‚µ‚Ä,ƒOƒ‰ ƒt ƒ@ ƒCƒg(Graphite)-{ 304