Tindale's Acts of Arguing: A Rhetorical Model of Argument

Abstract

Introduction: The Case for Rhetorical Argumentation -- Models of Argumentation -- Product, Procedure, and Process -- Habermas's Challenge -- The Case for the Rhetorical -- Origins in the Rhetoric -- Rhetorical Argument: Enthymeme -- Rhetorical Argumentation -- Contemporary Views -- Outline of the Study -- Argument as Product: The Logical Perspective -- Formal Logic and the Classical Root -- The Toulmin Transition -- Informal Logic -- Problems of the Product-oriented Perspective -- Rhetoric and Logic -- Argumentation as Dialectical -- Outline of the Pragma-Dialectical Approach -- Misunderstandings and Qualifications -- Pragma-Dialectics and Fallacies -- Walton's Functional Account -- A Critical Evaluation -- Rhetorical Elements: Audiences, Readers, and Third Parties -- Contexts and Argument: An Introduction to the Rhetorical Perspective -- The New Rhetoric -- Emotion and Argumentation -- Context -- Audiences -- The Universal Audience -- Audiences and the Conditions for Adherence -- Perelman's Relativism -- Relevance and Cognitive Environments -- Acceptability -- Blair and Johnson's Community of Model Interlocutors -- The Universal Audience Again -- Preliminary Examples -- Case Studies in Rhetorical Argumentation -- Case A Clear Thinking on Shell Oil, Nigeria and the Death of Ken Saro-Wiwa -- Arguer and Audiences -- Mode of Expression -- Dialectical Obligations -- The Logical Structure -- The Reasonableness of the Argumentation -- Case B Personality, Testimony, and Holocaust Denial -- The Initial Text.