Role of Phytonanotechnology in the Removal of Water Contamination

Abstract

Environmental pollution is expedited by the rapid increase in population, urbanization, industrialization, and growth in the global economy. Water contamination is accelerated by the incautious disposal of wastes into water bodies. The need of the hour is to develop novel, ergonomic, subsidized, and reproducible technologies that assist in the remediation of such wastes that require minimal human intervention, preserve the quality of water, and are eco-friendly. Phytonanotechnology is emerging as a promising strategy, characterized by the biosynthesis of metallic nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) using plant-based sources. Conventional remediation technologies like adsorptive, reactive, in situ, ex situ, and open fabrication of phytogenic magnetic NPs (PMNPs) have already been established in scientific literature. A keen understanding of building material platforms, fabricating and performance-optimizing are required to develop nanomaterials capable of addressing environmental issues. Furthermore, their antimicrobial activity, biodegradability and biocompatibility, optoelectronic properties, low toxicity, availability, energy efficiency, and versatility have been utilized efficiently.