A Polarimetric Search for Hidden Quasars in Three Radio‐selected Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

Abstract

We have carried out a spectropolarimetric search for hidden broad-line quasars in three ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) discovered in the positional correlations between sources detected in deep radio surveys and the IRAS Faint Source Catalog. Only the high-ionization Seyfert 2 galaxy TF J1736 + 1122 is highly polarized, displaying a broad-line spectrum visible in polarized light. The other two objects, TF J1020+6436 and FF J1614+3234, display spectra dominated by a population of young (A type) stars similar to those of "E + A" galaxies. They are unpolarized, showing no sign of hidden broad-line regions. The presence of young starburst components in all three galaxies indicates that the ULIRG phenomenon encompasses both active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and starburst activity, but the most energetic ULIRGs do not necessarily harbor "buried quasars." We find that a luminous infrared galaxy is most likely to host an obscured quasar if it exhibits a high-ionization ([O III] λ5007/Hβ ≳ 5) spectrum typical of a "classic" Seyfert 2 galaxy with little or no Balmer absorption lines, is "ultraluminous" (L IR ≳ 10 12 L ⊙ ), and has a "warm" IR color (f 25 /f 60 ≳ 0.25). The detection of hidden quasars in this group but not in the low-ionization, starburst-dominated ULIRGs (classified as LINERs or H II galaxies) may indicate an evolutionary connection, with the latter being found in younger systems.