Unraveling the phenomenon of Born Globals from emerging markets: a systematic literature review and research agenda

Abstract

This article comprehensively examines the phenomenon of Born Globals (BGs) from emerging markets. It aims to unravel the specific factors involved in the internationalization of these BGs, shedding light on both internal and external drivers, their interaction, as well as barriers and enablers. To this end, this study employed a systematic literature review approach. Through an in-depth content analysis of 86 articles, seven thematic groups were identified: (1) the key role of entrepreneurs; (2) the relevance of firm-level resources and capabilities; (3) the influence of BG’s institutional environment; (4) the interplay between internal drivers within BGs; (5) two-level interactions between internal drivers and the institutional environment; (6) BG Ecosystem; and (7) critical barriers and enabling Factors. Based on these thematic groups, we developed an integrative framework that highlights the various factors and drivers influencing the BG’s internationalization process and emphasizes the dynamic interactions between individual-, firm-, and institutional levels within the BG ecosystem, as well as possible outcomes. The proposed framework provides a roadmap for understanding these interactions, emphasizing the multi-level approach needed to unravel the characteristics and complexities of BGs from emerging markets. This review also provides future research directions.