Barriers and Enablers of Primary Healthcare Professionals in Health Research Engagement: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Abstract

Health professional engagement ensures relevant, clinically focused research that informs evidence-based care. Research shows health professionals may not engage optimally in research. Understanding barriers and enablers influencing participation is necessary to enhance engagement. This systematic review explores these factors among primary healthcare professionals. We searched peer-reviewed studies using CINAHL, Medline, and SCOPUS in February 2023, updated in June 2024. The review followed PRISMA and the ENTREQ checklist. Studies included those published in English, reporting factors influencing engagement among primary healthcare professionals. Qualitative data were extracted and thematically synthesized. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Nineteen studies were included. Enablers include individual positive attitudes and a scholarly environment. Barriers include negative attitudes, an unconducive environment, and system constraints. Primary health professionals view research engagement positively, recognizing its potential to enhance health outcomes, professional growth, and business performance. Balancing clinical responsibilities, workload and research is challenging. Targeted strategies promoting partnerships and stakeholder involvement can foster a scholarly environment and empower research engagement.