Multiple electron reaction of Li2RuO3 electrode for lithium batteries

Abstract

Lithium excess layered rocksalt material Li2RuO3 was synthesized by a solid-state reaction, and intercalation properties were characterized by electrochemical and structural investigations. The first discharge capacities of the Li2RuO3 electrode operated in charge/discharge ranges of 3.0-4.5 V, 1.0-4.5 V and 0.5-4.5 V were 165 mAhg -1, 450 mAh g-1, and 845 mAh g-1, respectively. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra indicated that the valence states of Ru ions reversibly changed between 5+ and 0 at the range of 1.0-4.5 V. The Li2RuO3 electrode reversibly delivered a five-electron reaction in the charge/discharge ranges of 1.0-4.5 V.