Retrospective analysis of incidence, fracture pattern and treatment of zygomatic complex fracture in a dental teaching institute in India

Abstract

Background: Zygomatic complex fractures (ZMC) are highly prevalent facial fractures. Several treatment strategies are available in the literature for managing ZMC fractures. Aim: To evaluate the incidence, fracture patterns, complications, and management strategies for ZMC fractures in one institution. Material and methods: The data regarding 100 ZMC patients were collected retrospectively, and details such as aetiology, site of the ZMC fracture, type of fracture, associated injuries, clinical findings, treatment with conservative or surgical intervention, type of incisions used, number of fixations used, and any complications encountered were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Violence was the predominant cause of ZMC fractures, affecting patients mainly in the 20–40 and over 60 age groups equally. For fractures without displacement, conservative management was effective. When surgery was required, fixation strategies varied using one-point, two-point, or three-point fixation depending on the severity and displacement of the fracture. Importantly, we observed that factors such as age, gender, or the cause of injury did not significantly affect the occurrence of paraesthesia before or after treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, the choice of treatment modalities should be tailored to the specific fracture pattern and patient needs to ensure optimal outcomes.