A natural history of untreated chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia over 20 years, with evolving squamous cell carcinoma: a case report

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of chronic osteomyelitis. Whilst there have been over 100 cases of chronic osteomyelitis with malignant transformation reported in the literature between 1999 and 2020, this is the first case report to document transformation with 20 years of concordant imaging and clinical review.