Phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines with sulfur-containing functional groups: Synthesis, preparation of hybrid gold nanoparticles and some application areas

Abstract

Synthetic approaches to the phthalocyanines and their polynuclear and sandwich-type derivatives, bearing sulfur-containing functional groups, are classified. Additionally complexes, possessing an extended π-conjugation system (planar and sandwich-type 2,3-naphthalocyanines) are reviewed. Principal application areas are covered. Special attention is paid to the formation of conjugates with gold nanoparticles – prospective materials for organic electronics.