Porous hydroxyapatite scaffold produced using Musa paradisiaca template and its in vitro bioactivity

Abstract

The effect of HA amount on the physical properties and bioactivity of porous HA prepared by replica method using Musa paradisiaca as template has been studied. The templates were prepared by cutting the banana fronds into cylindrical shape. Slurries were prepared by mixing 9, 10, and 11 g HA with 11% sago starch, 2.5% Darvan821A, and distilled water. Slurries then stirred at 150 rpm for 24 h. Templates were impregnated into slurry and then dried at 110°C for 2 h. The green bodies were burned at 600°C for 1 h followed by sintering at 1250°C for 1 h. Porous HA was tested in vitro using simulated body fluid solution by soaking for 7–14 days. The cell attachment done by using Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK21) cell. The porous HA was produced with shrinkage in the range of 53.6–58.9%vol, density of 1.26–1.47 g/cm3, porosity of 53.5–60.1%, and compressive strength of 3.89–4 MPa. The pore size was obtained at the range 71.26–89.13 μm. The biodegradation rate of samples was found at the range of 1.34–2.27% with the increased apatite and carbonate content on porous HA after immersion proven by FTIR result. The cell attachment test showed that the viability of HA was 80.3% confirming that samples were non-toxic material.