International variability in regulatory requirements for sperm donors

Abstract

Use of donor sperm may be an appropriate option for those who are seeking reproductive assistance related to male factor infertility, are aiming to reduce risk of a genetic disorder, or are same-sex couples and single parents. It has been widely recognized that laws around sperm donation are variable, and in some cases, may be very restrictive. An online search was performed to identify countries where sperm donation is legal and regulatory requirements for sperm donors were available, including donor compensation, number of children/families allowed per donor, donor anonymity, types of allowed recipients, and required medical screening for donors. Regulations around sperm donation were identified for 13 countries. Monetary compensation for donation is not permitted in five countries, and three countries permit reimbursement for expenses only. Number of children/families per donor varies in every country, with the most restrictive (Hong Kong) allowing three live births per donor and t