Fungi in indoor environments

Abstract

v Ž| ‰ä•X‚Ì • ¶ ŠˆŠÂ‹«ŠˆŠÂ‹« ' † ‚É ‚Í-³ •" ‚Ì "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚ª ' ¶ •Ý ‚µ ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é •B Žº "à ŠÂ‹« ‚Å•d Ž‹ ‚³ ‚ê ‚é "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚AE‚µ ‚Ä •× ‹Û,•y •ê •A ƒJ ƒr ‚ª ‚ ‚é •B •× ‹Û,•y •ê ‚Í •‚ •…•ª,•‚ Ž¼ŠÂ‹« ‚É '½ ‚-,ˆê •û ƒJ ƒr ‚Í •‚ •…•ª,•‚ Ž¼ŠÂ‹« ‰º ‚É OEÀ‚ç ‚¸,Š£ ' ‡ ‰º‚Å ‚à '· ŠúŠˆ•ŠúŠˆ•« ‚ðˆÛŽ‚ðˆÛŽ• ‚µ'± ‚¯,ƒJ ƒr ‚É ‚AE‚Á‚Ä"K•ð OE• ‚É ‚È ‚é ‚AE"-• ¶ ‚· ‚é •B "Á ‚É•‚ Ž¼ŠÂ‹« ‚© ‚ç ‚ÍCladosporium‚ª-D ˆÊ ‚É OEŸ •o ‚³ ‚ê ‚é •B ‚± ‚Ì ƒJ ƒr ‚Í Žº "à ŠÂ‹« ‚É •L ‚-•ª •z ‚µ ‚Ä ‚¨‚肨‚è,•‚ Ž¼•ð OE•‚ª "õ ‚í ‚é ‚AE-e ˆÕ ‚ɉ˜•õ ‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚© ‚ç Ž¼"x ‚É ‚Í '• ˆÓ ‚ð •¥ ‚¤•K-v‚ª ‚ ‚é •B Cladosporium,Alternaria‚¨‚ae Alternaria‚¨‚ae ‚ÑMucorales‚Ì ‚Ù ‚AE‚ñ ‚Ç ‚Ì ‹ÛŽí ‚ÍAw0.90ˆÈ ‰º,AsƒÏergillus,Penicillium‚ÍAw 0.80ˆÈ ‰º‚Å,‚Ü ‚½Eurotium‚Í ‚³ ‚ç ‚ÉŠ£ •« ‚ÅAw0.65ˆÈ ‰º‚É ‚È ‚é ‚AE"-ˆç •« ‚ª 'á ‰º‚· ‚é •B-{ •e ‚Å ‚Í Žº "à ŠÂ‹« "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚AE‚µ ‚Ä•d-v‚ÈˆÊ 'u ‚É ‚ ‚é ƒJ ƒr ‚É ‚Á ‚¢ ‚Ä• ¶ •¨ Šw‚¨‚aeŠw‚¨‚ae ‚Ñ• ¶ 'Ô Šw‚Ì ŠÏ "_ ‚© ‚ç ŠT•à ‚µ ‚½•B Abstract There are numerous fungi in the house environments. These fungi are generally originated from soil. After floating the fungal cells such as spores and hyphae in air, they attached on the surface of dwelling house. If the conditions in indoor environments are suited to fungi, the fungal contamination is apparently progress so soon. Among the fungi, Cladosporium are most predominant species that specially detects from air, contaminated materials and the dampness environments. This mold is easily scattering around the indoor environments under wetty conditions. Therefore, in case of dampness in dwelling house, it should pay attention to the moisture conditions. Most of fungi such as Cladosporium, Alternaria and Mucorales are inactive less than Aw 0.90, Aspergillus and Penicillium are less than Aw 0.80 and also xerophilic fungi such as Eurotium are less than Aw 0.65. In this paper, the fungal ecology and biology in indoor environments are introduced in detail. Key words:ƒJ ƒr(fungi),Žº "à ŠÂ ‹«(indoor environments),• ¶ 'Ô •ª •z(ecological distribution), ‹ó ‹C(Air) ‚Í ‚ ¶ ‚ß ‚É ‰ä •X ‚Ì • ¶ Šˆ‚µŠˆ‚µ ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é ŠÂ ‹« ‚É ‚Í-³ •" ‚Ì "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚ª ' ¶ •Ý ‚µ,Ž© 'R ŠE ‚Ì ‚ ‚ç ‚ä ‚é Šî Ž¿ ‚AE‰½‚ç ‚© ‚Ì ŠÖOEW‚ð Ž• ‚¿ ‚È ‚ª ‚ç •ª •z ‚µ ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é •B ‚» ‚µ ‚Ä •l ŠÔ ‚Ì • ¶ Šˆ‚µŠˆ‚µ ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é ‚³ ‚Ü ‚´‚Ü‚´‚Ü ‚È ŠÂ ‹« ‚â,ƒq ƒg ‚É '¼ •Ú ‚ ‚é ‚¢ ‚Í ŠÔ•Ú "I ‚É ‰e‹¿ ‚𠂨‚ae‚¨‚ae ‚Ú ‚µ,-L ŠQ ‚Å ‚ ‚Á ‚½ ‚è,-L ‰v‚Å ‚ ‚Á ‚½ ‚è ‚· ‚é •B ‚± ‚± ‚Å ‚Í "Á ‚É Žº "à ŠÂ ‹« ‚É ‚Ý ‚é ƒJ ƒr ‚ð ƒe •[ ƒ} ‚AE ‚µ ‚Ä • ¶ •¨ Šw "I ŠÏ "_ ‚© ‚ç ‚Ü ‚AE‚ß ‚Ä ‚Ý ‚é •B 1."÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚AE‚Í "÷ Šá ‚Å ‹É ‚ß ‚Ä OE©‚¦ "ï ‚¢ •¬ ‚³ ‚È • ¶ •¨ ‚ð '• •Ì ‚µ ‚Ä "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚AEOEÄ‚Ô •B "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚É ‚Í,•¬ ‚³ ‚È • ¶ •¨ ‚© ‚ç ƒE ƒC ƒ‹ ƒX, ƒN ƒ‰ƒ~ ƒWƒ@,ƒŠ ƒP ƒb ƒ` ƒA,ƒ} ƒC ƒR ƒv ƒ‰ƒY ƒ},•× ‹Û, •ú •ü ‹Û,•y •ê,ƒJ ƒr,OE´' OE´'Ž,'"-Þ‚È ‚Ç ‚ª ‚ ‚é(•}1)•B ˆê "Ê ‚É "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚AE‚¢ ‚Á ‚Ä ‚à ‚» ‚ê ‚¼ ‚ê ‚Ì •ª-ì ‚Å 'Î •Û ‚AE ‚· ‚é Ží-Þ‚Í 'å ‚« ‚-ˆÙ ‚È ‚é •B Žº "à ŠÂ ‹« ‚Å •d Ž‹ ‚³ ‚ê ‚é "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚AE ‚µ ‚Ä ‚Í,•× ‹Û,•y •ê,ƒJ ƒr ‚Å ‚ ‚è,•× ‹Û ‚Í ‹… OE`OE`•Ež…OE`,0.5•`1ƒÊm(ƒ} ƒC ƒN ƒ• ƒ• •[ ƒgƒ‹),'P •×-E, •ª-ô'• •B,•y •ê ‚Í ‹…OE`,3•`6ƒÊm,'P •×-E,•o ‰è'• •B,‚¨‚ae ‚¨‚ae ‚Ñ ƒJ ƒr ‚Í '½ OE`OE`'Ô,3•`100ƒÊm,'P •` '½ •×-E, ‹Û Ž…'• •B ‚ð "Á '¥ ‚AE‚· ‚é 'P •×-E-E Žq ‚Í3•`10ƒÊm‚Å ‚ ‚é •B ‹ï 'Ì "I ‚É ‚Í •\1‚Ì 'Ê ‚è ‚Å ‚ ‚é •B "÷ • ¶ •¨ ‚Ì '• •B ‚ð '• •B ‹È •ü ‚Å •` ‚-‚± ‚AE‚ª ‚Å ‚« ‚é •B '• •B ‹È •ü ‚Í,OEo ‰ßŽž ŠÔ ‚É ‚ae ‚è •×-E-Ê‚ª ‚Ç ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤ ‚É Žó•t:2005"N10OEŽ24"ú(Žº "à ŠÂ ‹«[2007] 3