Assessment of recovery efficiency of beef extract reagents for concentrating viruses from municipal wastewater sludge solids by the organic flocculation procedure

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the capacity of beef extract reagents to form flocs suitable for virus adsorption. Reagent comparisons resulted in the establishment of a modified organic flocculation procedure to concentrate viruses desorbed from sewage sludge solids with currently available modified powdered beef extracts. The method, based on supplementation with paste beef extract floc, achieved virus recoveries comparable to those obtained with powdered beef extract produced before a 1979 change in the manufacturing process. When primary settled sludge solids originating from mostly domestic waste were eluted with an unsupplemented modified powdered beef extract, high virus recovery efficiency was observed upon concentration by organic flocculation. This appreciable increase might have been due to floc-forming substance that were present in the primary settled sludge. These substances did not appear to be present in setteld sludge collected from biologically treated wastes. Apparently, the floc-forming substances had been either removed or substantially altered during biological treatment.