DIFFERENCES ACCORDING TO GENDER IN ACADEMIC-PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS. DO STEREOTYPES PERSIST?

Abstract

The differences found in the choice of the study area between men and women, which lead to a subsequent occupational segregation, concern the institutions, both for their consequences on a personal level and for their impact on the labor market. The main theories that explain these differences in academic-professional choices have placed emphasis on vocational interests and their associated variables, especially self-efficacy. Gender stereotypes condition the formation of these interests and explain, to a large extent, the current occupational segregation. The main objective of this study was to identify differences between men and women in the variables that make up the academic-professional choice. An attempt has also been made to ascertain the possible persistence of stereotypes linked to professional activity among students. The Basic Academic Professional Interest Areas Questionnaire and an ad hoc questionnaire were applied to a sample of 112 high school students. The results revealed two different profiles in men and women regarding interests, motivations, and self-efficacy beliefs. Women show greater interest in health-related disciplines, express greater motivation to help others, and manifest lower self-efficacy beliefs, especially in vocational areas with a strong male presence. Furthermore, the results point to the persistence of certain gender stereotypes in young people. An active and dialogical intervention is proposed from the academic-professional guidance at the entire educational community.