Italian Intervention Studies on Bacterial Resistance in the Last Decade: A brief Update

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat caused by factors such as inappropriate antimicrobial use, insufficient infection control, and increased international travel. Italy, with one of the highest resistance rates in Europe, has implemented several strategies to counter AMR over the past decade. These include antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), infection prevention and control (IPC), and diagnostic stewardship programs. Notable interventions, such as pilot AMS projects in hospitals and ICUs, have led to improved antibiotic appropriateness, reduced consumption, decreased resistance rates, and lower healthcare costs. However, challenges remain, including regional variability in implementation, limited national integration, and disrupted progress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Italy’s experience offers valuable insights into effective AMR strategies, contributing to broader One Health and global efforts through platforms like the WHO TrACSS initiative.