The Community Structure of Macroscopic Fungi in Arboretum and Lakeside Ecosystems: A Case Study in South Tangerang, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the community structure (diversity, dominance, richness, and evenness indices) and the microclimate factors affecting the growth of macrofungi in arboretum and lakeside ecosystems. The research was conducted in South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, from September to December 2024. A species-specific survey method was used at two locations representing the arboretum and the area surrounding the lake. Results revealed that a total of 466 macrofungal individuals were found, representing nine species from the division of Basidiomycota. Two species, Lentinus sajor-caju and Schizophyllum commune, dominated the ecosystem. The diversity of macrofungi was classified as moderate, the dominance index as low, the richness index as poor, and the evenness index as low. Approximately 75% of the species were associated with decaying wood substrates, whereas the remaining species inhabited soil environments. Microclimatic variables, including air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and substrate pH, are key factors supporting macrofungal growth.