Amazonian Residue Effect on the Production and Centesimal Composition of Ganoderma spp.

Abstract

Ganoderma spp. attract great interest due to their medicinal and pharmacological properties. These mushrooms have been artificially cultivated on a variety of lignocellulosic residues. The objective was to evaluate the effect of different Amazonian residues on the production and composition of a Ganoderma spp. (isolated in the Amazon) and Ganoderma lingzhi (commercial strain). The fungi were cultivated on residues of açaí seeds (Euterpe precatoria) and guaruba-cedro (Vochysia maxima) and three lots (I, II and III) of marupá sawdust (Simarouba amara). Biological efficiency, yield (%), and loss of organic matter were evaluated. The centesimal composition, and macro and micronutrients of the basidiomata were also analyzed. The fungi exhibited greater biological efficiency (7.85%) when cultivated on marupá I sawdust. However, the highest yield was observed in guaruba-cedro sawdust substrate (3.81%). Ganoderma spp. showed higher levels of carbon, nitrogen, proteins and total fiber, while G. lingzhi presented higher values of moisture, ash, total carbohydrates and energy value. Regarding the cultivation substrates, the açaí residue provided a greater synthesis of proteins for both fungi. The elemental composition of the basidiomata showed high levels of oxygen, carbon, potassium and phosphorus, and lower concentrations of calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and aluminum. Although the productive parameters are not favorable for Ganoderma spp. isolated in the Amazon, this mushroom showed high protein levels, suggesting promising potential for commercial and medicinal/nutritional purposes, especially when cultivated on açaí residues.