Caracterización nutricional de 20 variedades mejoradas de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) cultivadas en México

Abstract

Roselle (H. sabdariffa L) is a crop with great exploitation potential because of the bioactive compounds present in calyces. With the ultimate aim of registration, twenty genetically improved roselle varieties grown in the Mexican states of Nayarit, Colima, Puebla and Oaxaca were analyzed in terms of proximal composition, dietary fiber (DF) content, extractable (EP) and non-extractable polyphenols (NEP), and antioxidant activity (AOX). According to the aforementioned characteristics, multivariate statistical analysis was performed to select varieties with the best profile. Large variability was observed in the chemical composition of the calyces which was highlighted by the high protein content (16 %) in UAN 12-1, low lipid content (0.06 %) in Negra Quiviquinta and 40 % DF content as an average for all varieties. From hierarchical cluster analysis, 12 groups were identified with distinctive features that can be used as descriptors. The group constituted by the varieties 2Q3, UAN6-1, Puebla Precoz and UAN 12-1 because of its bioactive compounds (EP+NEP) and AOX content. The studied varieties can significantly contribute to a roselle breeding program and boost it into a more competitive market.