Canola meal or soybean meal as protein source and the effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate supplementation in calf starter mixture. I. Performance, digestibility, and selected blood variables

Abstract

Two studies were conducted to assess the effect of protein source and microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) inclusion in pelleted starter mixtures on growth performance, gain to feed (G:F) ratio, nutrient digestibility, and selected blood metabolites in calves. In study 1, 28 Holstein bull calves (8.7 ± 0.8 d of age and 43.0 ± 4.4 kg; mean ± SD) were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and fed a pelleted starter mixture containing canola meal (CM, 35% as fed) or soybean meal (SM, 24% as fed) as the main source of protein, with or without supplemental MSB (0.3% as fed). Starter mixtures were formulated to be similar for crude protein, Lys, and Met, and were fed ad libitum. Calves were weaned after 42 d of milk replacer feeding (51.7 ± 0.8 d of age) and observed for another 21 d. Furthermore, selected blood metabolites were measured on d 21, 42, and 63 of the study, and nutrient digestibility was measured after weaning. In study 2, 60 Holstein heifer calves (9.1 ± 0.8 d of age and 43.2 ± 4.2 kg) were assigned to the same treatments as in study 1. The calves were weaned after 49 d of milk replacer feeding (59.1 ± 0.8 d of age) and observed for an additional 14 d. Milk replacer and starter mixture intake and fecal score were recorded daily, whereas body weight (BW) was recorded weekly. In study 1, calves fed starter mixtures containing CM had or tended to have lesser preweaning starter intake, weaning average daily gain (ADG), weaning and overall G:F ratio, and postweaning total-tract dry matter digestibility, as opposed to those fed starter mixtures with SM. However, these differences did not affect overall starter intake, overall ADG, or final BW. Supplementation with MSB only tended to increase the preweaning starter mixture intake. In study 2, heifer calves that were fed starter mixtures with CM had greater cumulative starter intake after weaning, but the protein source in the starter mixture had no effect on ADG, BW, or G:F ratio. Inclusion of MSB in starter mixtures for calves tended to decrease postweaning starter mixture intake. In conclusion, use of CM or SM as the main source of protein in starter mixture resulted in similar growth performance of bull and heifer calves; however, CM use in starter mixtures reduced starter intake, ADG, and G:F ratio at least at some points of rearing. Supplementation of MSB had minor effects on the growth performance of calves.