Comparative Evaluation of Classic Treatment and Novel Intrauterine Infusion for Retained Placenta in Buffaloes: Impacts on Reproductive Performance and Economic Losses

Abstract

Retained placenta is a significant reproductive disorder in buffaloes, leading to delayed uterine involution, increased postpartum infections, and economic losses due to extended calving intervals and reduced fertility. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of an intrauterine puerperal treatment containing vitamins, kaolin, boric acid, and neomycin with the classic method of manual extraction followed by oxytetracycline pessaries. A total of 86 buffaloes from six commercial farms in Romania were randomly assigned to either the puerperal treatment group or the classic treatment group. Uterine involution was assessed through ultrasonography and transrectal palpation, while microbial flora and histological evaluations were performed to determine uterine health. The results indicated that the puerperal-treated group exhibited significantly faster uterine recovery, a lower prevalence of pathogenic bacteria, and improved reproductive parameters, including shorter service period and calving interval. Histopathological findings showed reduced inflammation and enhanced endometrial regeneration in the treatment group. Economic analysis revealed that the improved fertility outcomes led to cost reductions associated with extended non-productive days, repeated inseminations, and milk yield losses. These findings support the use of intrauterine therapy as a superior alternative to conventional management, contributing to enhanced reproductive efficiency and economic sustainability in buffalo farming.