Diagnosis of hip dysplasia in newborns

Abstract

Background: developmental dysplasia of the hip is a very frequent pathology in newborns being the most common hip disorder in pediatric orthopedics. Aim: to describe the diagnostic methods of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns. Method: a literature review was performed, and indexed articles were collected from databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, the search had no time limit. Results: in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in newborns, determining the diagnostic methods is fundamental to be able to provide adequate treatment to patients; the diagnostic methods for DDH are clinical screening or selective ultrasonography. In addition, a complete clinical history, including risk factors and a physical examination with Barlow and Ortolani maneuvers accompanied by ultrasonography should be included. The most commonly used diagnostic method is selective ultrasonography. Clinical examination helps early detection and a referral for management of this, with the aim of avoiding long-term morbidities that compromise the patients’ lifestyle. Conclusions: the diagnostic methods for developmental dysplasia of the hip most commonly used in several countries are clinical screening and selective ultrasonography, where, the former is based on a complete evaluation of the newborn based on clinical history, assessing the history and risk factors for DDD, accompanied by maneuvers such as Ortalani and Barlow.