Prevalence of Peri-implant Diseases in Patients Attending a Colombian University Dental Clinic: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the growing demand for dental implants to treat edentulism, the presence of peri-implant diseases (PD) is also increasing. Estimates of the prevalence of PD in the world continue to be heterogeneous. According to the new classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases in the Colombian population, its frequency was unknown. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of PD in patient assistants in a dental clinic of a Colombian university in Bogotá between 2015-2020. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational study based on dental records. From a sample frame of 370 dental records of patients treated with dental implants, a sample size of 156 was established and chosen randomly. An analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical significance was considered p < 0.05. The open statistical package R was used. Results: The final sample was 216 implants. The prevalence of peri-implant health was 50.93%, peri-implant mucositis 31.48%, and peri-implantitis 17.59%. There was a significant relationship between elevated Silness and Löe index and female gender with the development of PD (p=0.000). Systemic conditions other than diabetes, implant placement time, simultaneous regeneration, surgical and post-surgical complications, placement site, and adherence to maintenance therapies did not have statistical significance. Conclusion: The prevalence of PD was 49.07% in these implants. This indicates the need for a follow-up program and supportive peri-implant therapy.