Education as an important aspect to determine human development index by province in Indonesia

Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, education, and standard of living in all countries over the world to classify whether a country is a developed country, a developing country, or even an underdeveloped country. Currently, science and technology are developing rapidly. In order to compete with other countries, Indonesia needs to improve the quality of education, which is one of the dimensions of HDI. In this study, the HDI in Indonesia and several aspects of education are grouped by provinces then it is compared whether the cluster of HDI formed has the same members as the cluster of several variables related to education in Indonesia. The goal is to observe if the quality of education in Indonesia might represent HDI. The clustering method that will be used is k-means clustering with average silhouette method to determine the optimal number of cluster. The results show different cluster in two groups of dataset means that the high index of human development does not determine the high quality of education in Indonesia. It indicates that the assessment of the quality of education needs to be continued both for regions with high HDI conditions and vice versa because the quality of education does not appear to be reflected in the high HDI.