Application of hydrophilic interaction type solid-phase extractant immobilizing zwitter-ionic macromolecule to the analysis of patulin in apple juices

Abstract

A hydrophilic interaction-type solid-phase extractant (DAM adsorbent) that was immobilized with a zwitter-ionic macromolecule was applied to the clean-up procedure for the determination of mycotoxin, patulin in apple juices. An apple-juice extract was dissolved by a 1 % ethanol - hexane solution, and was then loaded to a solid-phase extraction cartridge packed with 50 mg of a DAM adsorbent. Patulin was adsorbed on the DAM adsorbent trapped quantitatively, and the adsorbed patulin was easily eluted with 2 mL of acetonitrile. An acetonitrile eluate was substituted by 1.0 mL of 0.01 % acetic acid aqueous solution prior to quantification by HPLC. No endogeneous compounds interfered with the detection of patulin. The average recovery in the overall procedure of patulin was about 77.0 and 82.1 %, with RSDs ranging between 0.9 and 2.6 %. The limit of detection was below 1 μg kg-1 for patulin. The proposed clean-up method was applied to the determination of patulin in commercial apple juices and rotten apples, and was detected in apples that had rotted in soil. © 2011 The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.