Comparison of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among different ethnicities: Beijing CKD survey and American NHANES

Abstract

Background. It is unclear whether ethnic disparity of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) exists among native Chinese and American ethnicities. Methods. A stratified multistage clustered screening for CKD performed in Beijing in 2006 was compared with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 19992006 (participants aged =20 years, 13 626 Chinese, 9006 whites, 3447 African Americans, 4626 Hispanics). Serum creatinine from Beijing and NHANES were calibrated at the Cleveland Clinic Laboratory. The re-expressed abbreviated MDRD equation for Americans and its modified form for Chinese were used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Subjects with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were diagnosed as having chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Albuminuria was diagnosed if the urine albumincreatinine ratio was >17 mg/g for males or >25 mg/g for females.CKD was diagnosed if CRI or albuminuria was present. Results. Compared with American whites, African Americans and Hispanics, Chinese had a lower prevalence of adjusted albuminuria (12.10%, 16.33% and 14.16% versus 9.27%), CRI (9.46%, 5.18% and 3.11% versus 1.38%) and CKD (19.03%, 19.00% and 15.99% versus 10.25%). Moreover,Chinese hold the lowest risk of albuminuriawhen exposed to diabetes; the risk of CRI among Chinese when exposed to diabetes or hypertension was lower than that among African Americans, but similar to that amongwhites and Hispanics. Conclusions. The CKD prevalence was significantly different among native Chinese and American ethnicities.