Microbiota metabolites affect sleep as drivers of brain‑gut communication (Review)

Abstract

Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining and improving physical and mental health. However, the preva‑ lence of sleep disorders is increasing in modern society. Recently, the gut‑brain axis has emerged as a prominent focus within the realm of sleep disorder research, with gut microbiota metabolites serving as essential factors in gut‑brain communication. The present study summarizes the emerging connections between gut microbiota metabolites and sleep, mainly focusing on those derived from tryptophan and dietary fiber metabolism. It discusses potential pathways and molecular processes by which sleep interacts with the gut microbiota metabolites, aiming to evaluate the feasibility of using gut microbiota interventions to treat sleep disorders.