Tertiary macrofloras of the Bohemian Massif: A review with correlations within Boreal and Central Europe

Abstract

Tertiary floras occurring in the Bohemian Massif based on plant macrofossils (leaves and carpological material) are reviewed. The sites are situated in various stratigraphical levels of the Cheb, Sokolov, Most, Zittau, České Budějovice and Třeboň basins, volcanic complexes of the Doupovské hory Mts and České středohoří Mts, as well as in Tertiary fluvial sedimentary relicts scattered near Plzeň, Prague and elsewhere in the western part of the Czech Republic. The overview focuses on floristic and phytostratigraphical characteristics of the defined lithostratigraphical units and their dating within the Bohemian Massif and correlation with previously defined paleofloristic units (Floristic Assemblages i.e., "Florenkomplexe") of Boreal and Central Europe. New palaeoclimatical datasets obtained using the leaf physiognomy (CLAMP), co-existence (CA) and ecophysiological methodologies show vegetation and palaeoclimatic evolution during the Tertiary in the studied area.