Utility of vertebral left atrial size and vertebral heart size to aid detection of congestive heart failure in dogs with respiratory signs

Abstract

Background: Differentiating cardiogenic vs noncardiogenic causes of respiratory signs can be challenging when echocardiography is unavailable. Radiographic vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) and vertebral heart size (VHS) have been shown to predict echocardiographic left heart size, with VLAS specifically estimating left atrial size. Hypothesis/Objectives: Compare the diagnostic accuracy of VLAS and VHS to predict left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs presenting with respiratory signs. Animals: One-hundred fourteen dogs with respiratory signs and radiographic pulmonary abnormalities. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Dogs had to have an echocardiogram and thoracic radiographs obtained within 24 hours. Diagnosis of CHF was confirmed based on the presence of respiratory signs, cardiac disease, LA enlargement, and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Results: Fifty-seven dogs had CHF and 57 did not have CHF. Compared to VHS (area under the curve [AUC] 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-0.91), VLAS was a significantly (P =.03) more accurate predictor of CHF (AUC, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.96). Optimal cutoff for VLAS was >2.3 vertebrae (sensitivity, 93.0%; specificity, 82.5%). Murmur grade (P =.02) and VLAS (P