Removal of cationic tolonium chloride dye using Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate

Abstract

In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (Fe3O4-SDS) were used for the adsorption of cationic tolonium chloride (TC) dye from aqueous solution. The effects of temperature, pH, amount of nanoparticles and SDS concentration, stirring time, and interfering ions on dye adsorption were investigated. For TC, the maximum removal was 98 % in the best conditions (pH = 6; 0.6 g Fe3O4-SDS; 30 °C temperature, and 3 min stirring time). Data from the sorption kinetic studies showed the best fitting of the pseudo-second-order model for adsorption of the dye. The Langmuir isotherm showed better fitting of the data for TC adsorption by Fe3O4-SDS compared with the other models. The Fe3O4-SDS nanoparticles are easily synthesizable, magnetically recoverable, and regenerable, which increases their practical applications. Additionally, NaCl showed no significant impact on the dye removal up to 0.8 molar concentration, which increases the industrial application of the process.