Knowledge, attitudes and practices on hypertension among patients in a district hospital

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major global public health issue, with effective management relying heavily on patient adherence to lifestyle changes and medication. Understanding demographic influences on these behaviours is vital for targeted intervention. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to hypertension among patients at a district hospital in Tshwane, South Africa. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study used a structured, piloted questionnaire adapted from previous studies with 283 participants at a Tshwane district hospital. Results: The mean knowledge score was 55.2%, with gaps in understanding normal blood pressure (BP) values (46.29%) and risk factors (18.02%). Attitudes were positive, with 97.6% endorsing regular BP checks and 93.3% supporting salt reduction. Practices were moderate, with 70% never missing medication and 58% regularly monitoring weight. Higher education correlated with better knowledge and attitudes (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Non-smokers and non-drinkers exhibited better health practices (p < 0.001). Age negatively correlated with knowledge (r = –0.15, p = 0.010) and attitudes (r = –0.19, p = 0.002). Conclusion: While attitudes towards hypertension are generally positive, knowledge and practices remain suboptimal. Targeted educational interventions, tailored to diverse socio-demographic factors, are essential to enhancing adherence. Contribution: This study identified gaps in hypertension management in Tshwane, aiding in the development of more effective, patient-centred educational programmes.