Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions

Abstract

Background: The receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) is a human tumor-associated antigen that contributes to tumor progression by enabling cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of RCAS1 expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Material/Methods: RCAS1 protein expression was assessed immunohi stochemically on paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues from 121 patients with benign and malignant lesions and was associated with type of thyroid histopathology and tumor stage parameters such as tumor size, lymph node metastases, capsular, lymphatic and vascular invasion. Results: RCAS1 positivity, over expression and staining intensity provided a distinct discrimination between benign and malignant thyroid cases (p=0.0006, p=0.0001 and p=0.0001, respectively), as well as between hyper plastic nodule and papillary carcinoma cases (p=0.0229, p=0.0001 and p=0.0001, respectively). RCAS1 positivity, over expression and staining intensity also provided distinct discrimination between cases with Hashimoto thyroiditis and those with hyper plastic nodule (p=0.0221, p=0.0001 and p=0.0019, respectively). In the subgroup of malignant thyroid lesions, RCAS1 over expression was significantly associated with large tumor size (p=0.0246), the presence of lymph node metastases (p=0.0351) and capsular invasion (p=0.0397). Conclusions: RCAS1 protein may participate in thyroid neoplastic transformation and could be considered as a useful biomarker to improve diagnostic scrutiny. © Med Sci Monit, 2012.