V2X-Equipped Smart Intersections − Survey of Surveys, Use Cases, and Deployments

Abstract

The interaction between Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) and smart intersection participants, such as vehicles and drivers in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS), is one of the main tools in solutions for increasing road safety and minimizing the number of possible road accidents. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication of advanced C-ITS architectures includes Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) context for extensive information exchange between road users. V2P employs various direct, indirect, and hybrid communication technologies and uses different techniques to interact with multiple traffic participants, infrastructure, traffic light controllers, and especially VRUs, during unpredictable situations. To address emerging technologies and applications of collaborative smart intersections and explore novel C-ITS solutions designed for this domain, the paper analyses available surveys and introduces the relevant communication schemes, use cases, and recent deployment efforts.