The missing link in the bottom‐up theory of mechanical properties of calcium silicate hydrate

Abstract

Calcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H) is the primary binding phase in modern concrete. While significant progress has been made in understanding the structure and behavior of C‐S‐H at atomistic scale and macro scale, there lacks a theory that links them. This review paper focuses on identifying the key challenges in bridging the gap between the atomic‐scale characteristics of C‐S‐H and its larger scale mechanical behaviors. Recent experimental and simulation work on the multiscale mechanical properties of C‐S‐H is summarized. The need for integrating experimental observations, theoretical models, and computational simulations to establish a comprehensive and predictive bottom‐up theory of the mechanical properties of C‐S‐H is highlighted. Such a theory will enable a deeper understanding of C‐S‐H behavior and pave the way for the design and optimization of cementitious materials with tailored mechanical performance.